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In keeping with the SeeTheGaps multi-disciplinary approach to investigating gaps and their causes and possible solutions, resources and data are from publicly available national websites, like the U.S. Census, published books and peer-reviewed academic research papers from the fields of sociology, education, economics, psychology, medicine, and neurosicence, and reports from think tanks, institutes, foundations, and direct services organizations.

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Top Level Items

World Inequality Database. (n.d.). WID - World Inequality Database. Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://wid.world/
Wid.world. (n.d.). Www.wid.world
USDA Food and Nutrition Service Data and Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2016, from https://www.fns.usda.gov/data-and-statistics
Taylor, B., & Cantwell, B. (2018). Unequal Higher Education in the United States: Growing Participation and Shrinking Opportunities. Social Sciences, 7(9), 167. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/7/9/167#cite
The Sentencing Project: State-by-State Data. (n.d.). The Sentencing Project. Retrieved July 8, 2016, from http://www.sentencingproject.org/the-facts/#map
Garfield, E. (2006). The History and Meaning of the Journal Impact Factor. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295(1), 4.
Rumberger, R. W., & Losen, D. J. (2016). The High Cost of Harsh Discipline and Its Disparate Impact. The Center for Civil Rights Remedies at The Civil Rights Project, 31.
Texas Department of Criminal Justice: Statistical Report: Fiscal Year 2014. (2014). Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
Statistics | ABA Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2016, from https://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_education/resources/statistics/
Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy. (n.d.). Social Programs That Work. Retrieved August 6, 2017, from https://evidencebasedprograms.org/
Leetaru, K. (n.d.). Should All Academic Research Be Free And What Wikipedia Can Teach Us About Publishing. Forbes. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/06/14/should-all-academic-research-be-free-and-what-wikipedia-can-teach-us-about-publishing/#6105ee304bd2
Search the Data | Healthy People 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved January 10, 2017, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#objid=5250;
SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (n.d.). [Text]. Retrieved April 19, 2017, from https://www.samhsa.gov/
Research on the Classroom Assessment Scoring System CLASS | Teachstone. (n.d.). Retrieved February 1, 2017, from http://teachstone.com/resources/research/
Reports | Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. (2014, November 20). CEW Georgetown. https://cew.georgetown.edu/publications/reports/
Kimball, E. (2016). Reconciling the Knowledge of Scholars & Practitioners: An Extended Case Analysis of the Role of Theory in STudent Affairs. Critical Questions in Education, 7(3). https://academyedstudies.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/kimballfinal1.pdf
re3data.org | Registry of Research Data Repositories. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2016, from https://www.re3data.org/
Public Health Genomics Knowledge Base (v1.2). (n.d.). Public Health Genomics Knowledge Base. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=home
PSID -- The Panel Study of Income Dynamics. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2016, from https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/
Euesden, J., Lewis, C., & O’Reilly, P. (n.d.). PRSice: Polygenic Risk Score software. Retrieved July 19, 2016, from http://www.prsice.info/
PROSPERO. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2017, from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#index.php
Carson, E. A. (2015). Prisoners in 2014. U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System | Pregnancy | Reproductive Health | CDC. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Freproductivehealth%2Fmaternalinfanthealth%2Fpmss.html
PLOS | Public Library of Science. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2016, from https://www.plos.org/
University of Michigan. (n.d.). Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID): A national study of sociogenomics and health over lifetimes and across generations. Retrieved August 9, 2017, from https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/
University of Oxford. (n.d.). Our World In Data. Know the World You Live In. Retrieved August 1, 2016, from https://ourworldindata.org/
Open Access and the Humanities by Martin Paul Eve. (n.d.). Cambridge Core. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from /core/books/open-access-and-the-humanities/02BD7DB4A5172A864C432DBFD86E5FB4
National Vital Statistics Report, 64.12. (2015). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, et al.
National Equity Atlas | Neighborhood Poverty. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://nationalequityatlas.org/indicators/Neighborhood_poverty
National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2016, from https://nces.ed.gov/bibliography/
NAEP Nations Report Card - National Assessment of Educational Progress - NAEP. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2016, from https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/
NAEP Mathematics: Mathematics Results. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2018, from https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/math_2017/#?grade=4
Michigan Consortium for Education Research (MCER). (n.d.). Retrieved February 1, 2017, from http://michiganconsortium.org/
Mass Dept. of Elementary and Secondary Education. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2016, from http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/profiles/student.aspx?orgcode=00350000&orgtypecode=5&
LSAC Data. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2016, from https://www.lsac.org/data-research/data
Legal Services Corporation: America’s Partner for Equal Justice. (n.d.). LSC - Legal Services Corporation: America’s Partner for Equal Justice. Retrieved July 8, 2016, from https://www.lsc.gov/
Learning Policy Institute. (n.d.). Learning Policy Institute. Retrieved February 1, 2017, from https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey. Retrieved December 25, 2016, from https://www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#race
KIDS COUNT Data Center from the Annie E. Casey Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2016, from https://datacenter.kidscount.org/
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (n.d.). Retrieved September 22, 2016, from http://www.healthdata.org/institute-health-metrics-and-evaluation
Carter, P. L., & Reardon, S. F. (2014). Inequality Matters: Framing a Strategic Inequality Research Agenda | Center for Education Policy Analysis. The William T. Grant Foundation. https://cepa.stanford.edu/content/inequality-matters-framing-strategic-inequality-research-agenda
Indigent Defense Reforms in Brooklyn, New York: An Analysis of Mandatory Case Caps and Attorney Workload. (n.d.). Center for Court Innovation. https://www.ils.ny.gov/files/Brooklyn%20Case%20Caps%20Study%20April%202015.pdf
Healthy People 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2016, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#objid=5250;
Health Status by Country. (1960, 2015). OECD.Stat. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=HEALTH_STAT
Health and Retirement Study. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2016, from http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/
Guide to Using the 2015 NECAP Science Reports. (n.d.). The New England Common Assessment Program. Retrieved November 8, 2016, from http://reporting.measuredprogress.org/NECAPpublicRI/documents/1415/Spring/Guide%20to%20Using%20the%202015%20NECAP%20Science%20Reports.pdf
ETS Research. (n.d.). Retrieved August 23, 2019, from https://www.ets.org/research/
ETS Research. (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2019, from https://www.ets.org/research/
ELA Test Results - New York City Department of Education. (n.d.). Retrieved June 30, 2016, from https://infohub.nyced.org/reports-and-policies/citywide-information-and-data/test-results
Eisen Lab: UC Berkeley. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2016, from http://eisenlab.org/open.html
Allis, C. David, The Rockefeller University. (n.d.). Retrieved July 6, 2016, from http://www.rockefeller.edu/research/faculty/labheads/DavidAllis/#content
Arum, Richard | Sociology | New York University. (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2016, from http://sociology.fas.nyu.edu/object/richardarum.html
Baumrind, Diana | University of California, Berkley, Inst. of Human Development. (n.d.). Retrieved November 8, 2016, from http://ihd.berkeley.edu/CV_Diana%20Baumrind.pdf
BJ Casey, Ph.D., Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology. (n.d.). Retrieved September 16, 2016, from https://www.sacklerinstitute.org/cornell/people/bj.casey/
Ollion, E. (2012). Bourdieu, Pierre, Sociologist. http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780199756384-0083
Braveman, Paula, MD, MPH | UCSF. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2016, from http://profiles.ucsf.edu/paula.braveman#toc-id1
Bublitz, Margaret | Asst. Prof. Psychiatry and Human Behavior, and Medicine| Brown University. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2016, from https://vivo.brown.edu/display/mbublitz
http://drrobertbullard.com. (n.d.). Bullard, Robert, Enivronmental Justice. Dr Robert Bullard. Retrieved July 5, 2016, from http://drrobertbullard.com/biography/
Conley, Dalton | Sociology | New York University. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2016, from http://sociology.as.nyu.edu/object/daltonconley.html
Dr. Brigitte Vittrup - TWU Family Sciences - Texas Woman’s University. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2016, from http://www.twu.edu/family-sciences/vittrup.asp
Dr. David N. Pellow, Director of the Global Environmental Justice Project - UC Santa Barbara. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2018, from http://www.es.ucsb.edu/gejp/director
Elijah Anderson | URBAN ETHNOGRAPHER. (n.d.). Retrieved March 27, 2019, from http://elijahanderson.com/
Emmanuel Saez | Prof. of Economics, UC Berkeley. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://eml.berkeley.edu/~saez/
Esther Duflo | The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at MIT. (n.d.). Retrieved July 26, 2018, from https://www.povertyactionlab.org/duflo
Flavio Cunha. (n.d.). Flavio Cunha. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from http://www.flaviocunha.com
Goldrick-Rab, Sara, Sociology at Wisconsin. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2016, from http://ssc.wisc.edu/soc/faculty/show-person.php?person_id=370
Hallinan, Maureen T. // Center for Research on Educational Opportunity. (n.d.). Center for Research on Educational Opportunity. Retrieved July 17, 2016, from http://creo.nd.edu/creo-team/maureen-hallinan-s-publications
Heckman, James J. | University of Chicago, Economics. (n.d.). Http://Heckmanequation.Org. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from http://heckmanequation.org/about-professor-heckman
Hoxby, Caroline, Professor of Economics, Stanford University. (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2016, from http://web.stanford.edu/~choxby/
Immordino-Yang, Mary Helen, EdD. | USC Rossier School of Education. (n.d.). Rossier School of Education. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from http://rossier.usc.edu/faculty-and-research/directories/a-z/profile/
Jamie Hanson : University of Pittsburgh. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2016, from http://jamiehanson.org/
Jennifer Culhane, PhD, MPH - Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology. (n.d.). College of Medicine. Retrieved November 3, 2016, from http://drexel.edu/medicine/Faculty/Profiles/Jennifer-Culhane/
Justine Hastings. (n.d.). Justine Hastings - Using Econonics to Solve Big Problems. Retrieved February 1, 2017, from http://justinehastings.com/
Lareau, Annette, Ph.D. | Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2016, from https://sociology.sas.upenn.edu/annette_lareau
Levin, Henry M. (hl361) | Teachers College, Columbia University. (n.d.). Teachers College - Columbia University. Retrieved May 19, 2019, from https://www.tc.columbia.edu/faculty/hl361/
Massey, Doug | Princeton Sociology. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2016, from https://sociology.princeton.edu/faculty/doug-massey
MIT Economics : Abhijit Banerjee. (n.d.). Retrieved July 26, 2018, from http://economics.mit.edu/faculty/banerjee
Noguera, Pedro | UCLA GSEIS. (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2016, from https://gseis.ucla.edu/directory/pedro-noguera/
Pais, Jeremy | UConn Department of Sociology. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2016, from http://sociology.uconn.edu/pais/
Poppendieck, Janet | Sociology and Food. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2016, from http://www.janetpoppendieck.com/about.html
Profile | Elijah Anderson. (n.d.). Retrieved March 27, 2019, from http://elijahanderson.com/about/
Raj Chetty | William A. Ackman Professor of Economics, Harvard University. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://www.rajchetty.com/
Randy Jirtle :: Research. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2016, from http://randyjirtle.com/research
Reardon, Sean | Stanford, Prof. of Poverty and Inequality in Education, Sociology. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2016, from https://cepa.stanford.edu/sean-reardon/biography
Zwick, R. (n.d.). Rebecca Zwick | The Gevirtz School (GGSE) - UC Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 16, 2020, from https://education.ucsb.edu/rebecca-zwick
Reinberg, Dr. Danny, NYU Med. (n.d.). Retrieved July 6, 2016, from http://www.med.nyu.edu/ReinbergLab/HTML/research.html
Robert Brulle. (n.d.). DrexelNow. Retrieved April 20, 2018, from http://drexel.edu/now/experts/Overview/brulle-robert/
Roslyn Arlin Mickelson, Ph.D. -- UNC Charlotte. (n.d.). Roslyn Arlin Mickelson, Ph.D. Retrieved October 25, 2018, from https://pages.uncc.edu/roslyn-mickelson/
Sendhil Mullainathan. (n.d.). Retrieved July 26, 2018, from https://scholar.harvard.edu/sendhil/home
Shapiro, Tom | Brandeis University. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2016, from http://www.brandeis.edu/facultyguide/person.html?emplid=f1f37909668ee529ab0c194eecc8c89d6a589fc8
Sharkey, Patrick | Sociology | Princeton. (n.d.). https://sociology.princeton.edu/people/patrick-sharkey
Skinner Laboratory: Principal Investigator: Michael K. Skinner. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2016, from http://skinner.wsu.edu/piskinner.html
Thomas Piketty - Paris School of Economics. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/en/
Vijaya K Hogan - UNC Public Health, Epidemiology. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vijaya_Hogan/publications

Living Matters

Education

Prenatal
Early Childhood
Our work – Forward Change Consulting. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://fwdchange.org/our-work/
Nores, M., & Barnett, W. S. (2010). Benefits of early childhood interventions across the world: (Under) Investing in the very young. Economics of Education Review, 29(2), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2009.09.001
Evidence of Impact of Interventions on Growth and Development during Early and Middle Childhood - Child and Adolescent Health and Development - NCBI Bookshelf. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525234/
Early Childhood Longitudinal Program (ECLS) - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). (n.d.). Retrieved November 8, 2016, from https://nces.ed.gov/ecls/birth.asp
Early Head Start University Partnership Grants: Buffering Children from Toxic Stress, 2011-2016. (n.d.). Office of Planning, Research & Evaluation | ACF. Retrieved October 24, 2016, from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/opre/research/project/early-head-start-university-partnership-grants-buffering-children-from
Head Start Impact Study: First Year Findings, Executive Summary. (n.d.). Office of Planning, Research & Evaluation | ACF. Retrieved April 23, 2019, from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/opre/resource/head-start-impact-study-first-year-findings-executive-summary
Dozier, M., Meade, E., & Bernard, K. (2014). Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up: An Intervention for Parents at Risk of Maltreating Their Infants and Toddlers. Evidence-Based Approaches for the Treatment of Maltreated Children, 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7404-9_4
Leibowitz, A. (1974). Home Investments in Children. Journal of Political Economy, 82(2, Part 2), S111–S131. https://doi.org/10.1086/260295
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of Authoritative Parental Control on Child Behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1p2), 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43–88. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1967-05780-001
Chen, E. (2004). Why Socioeconomic Status Affects the Health of Our Children: A Psychosocial Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(3), 112–115. http://sites.northwestern.edu/foundationsofhealth/files/2013/03/Why-Socioeconomic-Status-Affects-the-Health-of-Children.pdf
Brooks-Gunn, J., Love, J. M., Raikes, H. H., & Chazan-Cohen, R. (2013). VII. Conclusions and Implications. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 130–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00706.x
Chazan-Cohen, R., & Kisker, E. E. (2013). VI. Links Between Early Care and Education Experiences Birth to Age 5 and Prekindergarten Outcomes. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 110–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00705.x
Chazan-Cohen, R., Raikes, H. H., & Vogel, C. (2013). V. Program Subgroups: Patterns of Impacts for Home-Based, Center-Based, and Mixed-Approach Programs. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00704.x
Manager, J. S. T. P. C. T. (n.d.). Using Data to Measure Performance of Home Visiting. Retrieved August 11, 2017, from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2015/10/using-data-to-measure-performance-of-home-visiting
Temple, J. A., & Reynolds, A. J. (2015). Using Benefit-Cost Analysis to Scale Up Early Childhood Programs through Pay-for-Success Financing. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 6(3), 628–653. https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2015.54
The Raising of America: Early Childhood and the Future of Our Nation. (n.d.). Retrieved February 1, 2017, from https://raisingofamerica.org/
Kelly, D. J., Quinn, P. C., Slater, A. M., Lee, K., Ge, L., & Pascalis, O. (2007). The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy. Psychological Science, 18(12), 1084–1089. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02029.x
Executive Office of the President of the United States. (2015). The Economics of Early Childhood Investments. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/early_childhood_report_update_final_non-embargo.pdf
Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (2003, Spring). The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3. American Educator. https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/periodicals/TheEarlyCatastrophe.pdf
Baumrind, D., & E, N. (1967). Socialization practices associated with dimensions of competence in preschool boys and girls. Child Development, 38(2), 291–327. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127295
Bergman, D. (2004). Screening for Behavioral Developmental Problems: Issues, Obstacles, and Opportunities for Change. National Academcy for State Health Policy. https://nashp.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/screening_for_behavioral.pdf
Leffel, K., & Suskind, D. (2013). Parent-Directed Approaches to Enrich the Early Language Environments of Children Living in Poverty. Seminars in Speech and Language, 34(4). http://thirtymillionwords.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/SSL-00517.pdf
Nurse-Family Partnership. (n.d.). Nurse-Family Partnership. Retrieved August 6, 2017, from https://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/first-time-moms/
Raikes, H. H., Vogel, C., & Love, J. M. (2013). IV. Family Subgroups and Impacts at Ages 2, 3, and 5: Variability by Race/Ethnicity and Demographic Risk. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 64–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00703.x
Heckman, J. J. (n.d.). Invest in Early Childhood Development: Reduce Deficits, Strengthen the Economy. The Heckman Equation project. Retrieved February 23, 2019, from https://heckmanequation.org/resource/invest-in-early-childhood-development-reduce-deficits-strengthen-the-economy/
Vogel, C., Brooks-Gunn, J., Martin, A., & Klute, M. M. (2013). III. Impacts of Early Head Start Participation on Child and Parent Outcomes at Ages 2, 3, and 5. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 36–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00702.x
Faldowski, R. A., Chazan-Cohen, R., Love, J. M., & Vogel, C. (2013). II. Design and Methods in the Early Head Start Study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00701.x
Raikes, H. H., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Love, J. M. (2013). I. Background Literature Review Pertaining to the Early Head Start Study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00700.x
Home | Vroom. (n.d.). Retrieved August 5, 2017, from https://www.vroom.org/
Chicago Longitudinal Study - Institute of Child Development - UofMN. (n.d.). Retrieved August 7, 2017, from http://innovation.umn.edu/cls/
Briefing on new ROI data that includes health benefits - YouTube. (2017, April). [YouTube webinar recording]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8odsekVNvI
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard. (2016). Applying the Science of Child Development in Child Welfare Systems. Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/HCDC_ChildWelfareSystems.pdf
Ages & Stages Questionnaires. (n.d.). Ages and Stages. Retrieved February 23, 2019, from https://agesandstages.com/
Pritzker, J. B., Bradach, J. L., & Kaufmann, K. (2015). Achieving Kindergarten Readiness for All Our Children. The Bridgespan Group & Pritzker Children’s Initiative. http://www.bridgespan.org/getmedia/2597600c-bac9-4f9e-ac6f-22a186536b71/Achieving-Kindergarten-Readiness-for-All-Our-Children.pdf.aspx
Lowell, D. I., Carter, A. S., Godoy, L., Paulicin, B., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of Child FIRST: a comprehensive home-based intervention translating research into early childhood practice. Child Development, 82(1), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01550.x
RESOURCES | Children’s Learning Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://www.childrenslearninginstitute.org/resources/
Mind in the Making. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://mindinthemaking.org/
Webster-Stratton, C., & Reid, M. J. (2017). The Inrcredible Years Parents, Teachers, and Children Training Series:  A Multifaceted Treatment Approach for Young Children with Conduct Disorders. In Weisz, John R. and Kazdin, Alan E. (eds.), Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents (3rd ed., pp. 122–129). The Guildord Press. http://www.incredibleyears.com/wp-content/uploads/Kazdin-chapter-final-1-14-2016.pdf
Peterson, C. A., Zhang, D., Roggman, L., Green, B., Chazen Cohen, R., Atwater, J. B., McKelvey, L., & Korfmacher, J. (n.d.). Family Participation in Early Head Start Home Visiting Services:  Relations with Longitudinal Outcomes. Pew Center on the States. Retrieved August 11, 2017, from https://web.archive.org/web/20130910093455/http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_Assets/2013/Early_Head_Start_Evaluation_report.pdf
Klein, A. K., Kemmerer, C., West, J., & Lim, G. (2016). Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (EHSREP): 1996-2010 Measures Compendium (OPRE Report Nos. 2016–101). Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/ehsrep_measures_final_508.pdf
Love, J. M., Kisker, E. E., Ross, C. M., Schochet, P. Z., Brooks-Gunn, J., Boller, K., Paulsell, D., Fuligni, A., & Berlin, L. J. (2001). Building Their Futures: How Early Head Start Programs Are Enhancing the Lives of Infants and Toddlers in Low-Income Families. Volume I: Technical Report. The Commissioner’s Office of Research and Evaluation and the Head Start Bureau, Admistration on Children, Youth and Families, Dept. of Health and Human Services. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/bldg_vol1.pdf
Burger, K. (2010). How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(2), 140–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2009.11.001
The University of Chicago, Center for The Economics of Human Development. (n.d.). The Cost/Benefit Analysis Project. Retrieved August 5, 2017, from https://cehd.uchicago.edu/?page_id=517
Duncan, G. J., Ziol-Guest, K. M., & Kalil, A. (2010). Early-Childhood Poverty and Adult Attainment, Behavior, and Health. Child Development, 81(306–325). https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/events/other-events/docs/conf08-attainment/papers/duncan.pdf
Garcia, J. L., Heckman, J. J., Leaf, D. E., & Prados, M. J. (2016). The Life-cycle Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program (Working Paper) (Working Paper Nos. 2016–035; HCEO (Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group) Working Paper Series). The University of Chicago. https://heckmanequation.org/assets/2017/01/Garcia_Heckman_Leaf_etal_2016_life-cycle-benefits-ecp_r1-p.pdf
Bassok, D., Finch, J. E., Lee, R., Reardon, S. F., & Waldfogel, J. (2016). Socioeconomic Gaps in Early Childhood Experiences: 1998 to 2010. AERA Open, 2(3), 2332858416653924. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858416653924
Suskind, D. (2015). Thirty Million Words: Building a Child’s Brain. Dutton.
Andersson, M. (2016). Chronic Disease at Midlife: Do Parent-child Bonds Modify the Effect of Childhood SES? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 57(3), 373–389. http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/57/3/373.full
Neighborhood
Publication Series PDF. (n.d.). The Scattergood Foundation. Retrieved December 7, 2020, from https://www.scattergoodfoundation.org/publication-series-pdf/
Map of Houston area’s distressed and prosperous ZIP codes shows ongoing and growing inequality. (n.d.). The Kinder Institute for Urban Research. Retrieved December 2, 2020, from https://kinder.rice.edu/urbanedge/2020/11/05/houston-distressed-and-prosperous-zip-codes-racial-inequality
Readey, J. (2016). The Coming Integration. 7, 41.
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Quillian, L. (2014). Race, Class, and Location in Neighborhood Migration:  A Multidimensional Analysis of Locational Attainment [Draft]. http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/upload_documents/2014-02-19%20Lincoln%20Quillian%20complete.pdf
Bullard, R. D., & Bullard, R. D. (2007). Growing Smarter: Achieving Livable Communities, Environmental Justice, and Regional Equity. MIT Press.
The Benefits and Costs of the Section 8 Housing Subsidy Program: A Framework and First-Year Estimates. (n.d.). https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/dps/pdfs/dp138010.pdf
Wiebe, D. J., Guo, W., Allison, P. D., Anderson, E., Richmond, T. S., & Branas, C. C. (2013). Fears of Violence During Morning Travel to School. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.01.023
Rothstein, R. (2019). A history of residential segregation in the United States. Institute for Research on Poverty Focus, 34(4). https://www.irp.wisc.edu/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Focus-34-4.pdf
McClure, K. (2008). Deconcentrating Poverty With Housing Programs. Journal of the American Planning Association, 74(1), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360701730165
Turner, M. A., Santos, R., Levy, D. K., Wissoker, D., Aranda, C., Pitingolo, R., & The Urban Institute. (2013). Housing Discrimination Against Racial and Ethnic Minorities 2012 (p. 190). U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.
Wells, A. S. (2015). Diverse Housing, Diverse Schooling: How Policy Can Stabilize Racial Demographic Change in Cities and Suburbs. National Education Policy Center. https://nepc.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/pb-wells_housing_nexus.pdf
Sharkey, P. (2012). Residential Mobility and the Reproduction of Unequal Neighborhoods (3; Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research). U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/cityscpe/vol14num3/Cityscape_Nov2012_res_mobility.pdf
Madden, J. F., & Ruther, M. (n.d.). The Paradox of Expanding Ghettos and Declining Racial Segregation in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970-2010. Journal of Housing Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.01.003
Kollmann, T., Marsiglio, S., & Suardi, S. (2018). Racial segregation in the United States since the Great Depression: A dynamic segregation approach. Journal of Housing Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.03.004
Gottlieb, R., & Joshi, A. (2010). Food Justice. MIT Press.
Alkon, A. H., & Agyeman, J. (2011). Cultivating Food Justice: Race, Class, and Sustainability. MIT Press.
Morland, K., Wing, S., Diez Roux, A., & Poole, C. (2002). Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(1), 23–29.
USDA Defines Food Deserts | American Nutrition Association (Volume 38, No. 2; Nutrition Digest). (n.d.). American Nutrition Association. Retrieved April 20, 2018, from http://americannutritionassociation.org/newsletter/usda-defines-food-deserts
What is Critical Environmental Justice? (n.d.). Wiley.Com. Retrieved April 20, 2018, from https://www.wiley.com/en-us/What+is+Critical+Environmental+Justice%3F-p-9781509525324
Pellow, D. N., & Brulle, R. J. (Eds.). (2005). Power, Justice, and the Environment: A Critical Appraisal of the Environmental Justice Movement. The MIT Press.
Malin, S. A., & Ryder, S. S. (2018). Developing deeply intersectional environmental justice scholarship. Environmental Sociology, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2018.1446711
Szasz, A., & Meuser, M. (1997). Environmental Inequalities: Literature Review and Proposals for New Directions in Research and Theory. Current Sociology, 45(3), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/001139297045003006
National Black Food & Justice Alliance. (n.d.). National Black Food & Justice Alliance. Retrieved April 20, 2018, from http://www.blackfoodjustice.org/about/
Tapestry Segmentation—Esri Demographics | ArcGIS. (2017). http://doc.arcgis.com/en/esri-demographics/data/tapestry-segmentation.htm#ESRI_SECTION1_87F5D845F8E04723AE1F4F502FF3B636
The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Project | Nathaniel Hendren. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2018, from https://scholar.harvard.edu/hendren/publications/effects-Exposure-Better-Neighborhoods-Children-New-Evidence-Moving-Opportunity
Small Area Fair Market Rents | HUD USER. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2018, from https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr/smallarea/index.html
Dunbar, R. I. M., Baron, R., Frangou, A., Pearce, E., Leeuwen, E. J. C. van, Stow, J., Partridge, G., MacDonald, I., Barra, V., & Vugt, M. van. (2012). Social laughter is correlated with an elevated pain threshold. Proc. R. Soc. B, 279(1731), 1161–1167. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1373
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993). Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 681–735. http://pages.ucsd.edu/~johnson//COGS184/3Dunbar93.pdf
Zhou, W.-X., Sornette, D., Hill, R. A., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2005). Discrete hierarchical organization of social group sizes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 272(1561), 439–444. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2970
Collinson, R., & Ganong, P. (2017). How Do Changes In Housing Voucher Design Affect Rent and Neighborhood Quality? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2255799). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2255799
Dunbar, R. I. M. (2018). The Anatomy of Friendship. CellPress, 22(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.10.004
Cunningham, M. K., & Sawyer, N. (2005). Moving to Better Neighborhoods with Mobility Counseling (Brief No. 8; A Roof Over Their Heads: Changes and Challenges for Public Housing Residents, p. 12). Metropolitan Housing and Communities Center, Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/51506/311146-Moving-to-Better-Neighborhoods-with-Mobility-Counseling.PDF
Collinson, R., & Ganong, P. (2017). How Do Changes In Housing Voucher Design Affect Rent and Neighborhood Quality? Kreisman Working Papers Series in Housing Law and Policy, No. 48, 58. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2255799
Erickson, D., Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), Division of Consumer and Community Affairs, Brookings Institution, & Metropolitan Policy Program. (2008). The enduring challenge of concentrated poverty in America: case studies from communities across the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.
Reeves, D. B. M., Edward Rodrigue, and Richard V. (2016). Time for justice: Tackling race inequalities in health and housing. https://www.brookings.edu/research/time-for-justice-tackling-race-inequalities-in-health-and-housing/
Joo, N., & Rodrigue, E. (2017). Balancing Act: Schools, Neighborhoods and Racial Imbalance. The Brookings Institution.
Swisher, R. R., Kuhl, D. C., & Chavez, J. M. (2013). Racial and Ethnic Differences in Neighborhood Attainments in the Transition to Adulthood. Social Forces; a Scientific Medium of Social Study and Interpretation, 91(4), 1399–1428. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot008
Crowell, A. R., & Fossett, M. (2017). White and Latino Locational Attainments: Assessing the Role of Race and Resources in U.S. Metropolitan Residential Segregation. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 233264921774842. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649217748426
Doyle, O. (2017). The First 2,000 Days and Child Skills: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment of Home Visiting. HCEO Working Paper Seriers, 2017–054. http://humcap.uchicago.edu/RePEc/hka/wpaper/Doyle_2017_first-2000-days-skills.pdf
Blair, P. (2017). Outside Options (Now) More Important than Race in Explaining Tipping Points in US Neighborhoods. HCEO Working Paper Seriers, 2017(071). http://humcap.uchicago.edu/RePEc/hka/wpaper/Blair_2017_outside-options-more-important.pdf
Murphey, D., & Cooper, P. M. (2015). Parents Behind Bars.  What Happens to Their Children? Child Trends. https://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-42ParentsBehindBars.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Social Norms | VetoViolence. Retrieved March 3, 2017, from http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/violence-prevention-basics-social-norms-change
Massey, D. S., & Tannen, J. (2015). A Research Note on Trends in Black Hypersegregation. Demography, 52(3), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0381-6
Massey, D. (2013). Inheritance of Poverty or Inheritance of Place? The Emerging Consensus on Neighborhoods and Stratification. Contemporary Sociology, 42(5), 690–697. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0094306113499534f
Massey, D. S. (2012). Reflections on the Dimensions of Segregation. Social Forces; a Scientific Medium of Social Study and Interpretation, 91(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sos118
Quillan, L., & Knudsen, M. (n.d.). Public Housing and the Spatial Concentration of Poverty: A Simulation Approach. Northwestern University, Department of Sociology. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://paa2015.princeton.edu/uploads/153146
Carr, J. H., & Kutty, N. K. (Eds.). (2008). Segregation: The Rising Costs for America (1 edition). Routledge.
Rothstein, R. (2014). The Racial Achievement Gap, Segregated Schools, and Segregated Neighborhoods – A Constitutional Insult. Race and Social Problems, 6(4). http://www.epi.org/publication/the-racial-achievement-gap-segregated-schools-and-segregated-neighborhoods-a-constitutional-insult/
Charles, C. Z., Dinwiddie, G., & Massey, D. S. (2004). The Continuing Consequences of Segregation: Family Stress and College Academic Performance*. Social Science Quarterly, 85(5), 1353–1373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.00280.x
Income

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Wealth
Vaid, U., & Maxton, A. (2017). The Apparitional Donor: Understanding and Engaging High Net Worth Donors of Color (p. 116). The Advancement Project and The Vaid Group LLC.
Kane, M. (2011, November 14). Skipping Banks: The New World of Prepaid Cards for Victims of High Fees | Alicia Patterson Foundation. http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/skipping-banks-new-world-prepaid-cards-victims-high-fees
Reimagining Financial Inclusion. (n.d.). Retrieved December 14, 2018, from http://www.ideas42.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Reimagining-Financial-Inclusion-Final-Web-1.pdf
Institute for Policy Studies. (n.d.). Wealth Inequality. Inequality.Org. Retrieved September 28, 2016, from http://inequality.org/wealth-inequality/
Sullivan, L., Meschede, T., Dietrich, L., Shapiro, T., Traub, A., Ruetschlin, C., & Draut, T. (2015). The Racial Wealth Gap:  Why Policy Matters. Institute for Assets & Social Policy, Brandeis University; Demos. https://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/publications/RacialWealthGap_1.pdf
Piketty, T. (2015). The Economics of Inequality (A. Goldhammer, Trans.). Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Economics-Inequality-Thomas-Piketty/dp/0674504801/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1544814833&sr=8-4&keywords=thomas+piketty
Turner, M. A., Santos, R., Levy, D. K., Wissoker, D., Aranda, C., Pitingolo, R., & The Urban Institute. (2013). Housing Discrimination Against Racial and Ethnic Minorities 2012 (p. 190). U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.
Servon, L. (2017). The Unbanking of America: How the New Middle Class Survives (Reprint edition). Mariner Books.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education.
Dunham, I. M., Foster, A., Graves, S., & Masucci, M. (2018). Navigating the Dual Financial Service System: Neighborhood-Level Predictors of Access to Brick-and-Mortar Financial Services. 57, 14.
Eisenberg-Guyot, J., Firth, C., Klawitter, M., & Hajat, A. (2018). From Payday Loans To Pawnshops: Fringe Banking, The Unbanked, And Health. Health Affairs, 37(3), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1219
Piketty, T. (2017). Capital in the Twenty-First Century (A. Goldhammer, Trans.; Reprint edition). Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press.
Baradaran, M. (2018). How the Other Half Banks: Exclusion, Exploitation, and the Threat to Democracy. Harvard University Press. https://www.amazon.com/How-Other-Half-Banks-Exploitation/dp/0674983963/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1541003730&sr=8-1&keywords=how+the+other+half+banks
Ampudia, M., & Ehrmann, M. (2017). Financial inclusion: what’s it worth? (No 1990; Working Paper Series, p. 28). European Central Bank. https://www.ecb.europa.eu//pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1990.en.pdf
Williams, R. B. (2017). Wealth Privilege and the Racial Wealth Gap: A Case Study in Economic Stratification. The Review of Black Political Economy, 44(3), 303–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-017-9259-8
Baradaran, M. (2017). The Color of Money: Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap. Harvard University Press.
Members of the FDIC Unbanked/Underbanked Survey Study Group. (2016). 2015 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households. https://www.fdic.gov/householdsurvey/2015/2015report.pdf
Saez, E., & Zucman, G. (2016). Wealth Inequality in the United States Since 1913: Evidence From Capitalized Income Tax Data. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(2), 519–578. http://eml.berkeley.edu/~saez/SaezZucman2016QJE.pdf
Kochhar, R., & Fry, R. (2014). Wealth inequality has widened along racial, ethnic lines since end of Great Recession | Pew Research Center (Fact Tank: News in the Numbers). Pew Research Center. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/
Jez, S. J. (2010). The differential impact of wealth vs. income in the college-going process. Annual Meeting of the American Education Finance Association (AEFA), Richmond, VA.
Hamilton, D., & Darity, W. (2010). Can ‘Baby Bonds’ Eliminate the Racial Wealth Gap in Putative Post-Racial America? The Review of Black Political Economy, 37(3–4), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12114-010-9063-1
Marks, E., Engelhardt, G., Rhodes, B., & Wallace, I. (n.d.). SEED for Oklahoma Kids:  The Impact Evaluation. 237.
Pfeffer, F. T., & Killewald, A. (2015). How Rigid is the Wealth Structure and Why? Inter- and Multi-generational Associations in Family Wealth (15–845). Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research. http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr15-845.pdf
Oliver, M., & Shapiro, T. M. (Eds.). (2006). Black Wealth / White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality (2nd edition). Routledge.
Asante-Muhammad, D., Collins, C., Hoxie, J., & Nieves, E. (2016). The Ever-Growing Gap:  Without Change, African-American and Latino Families Won’t Match White Wealth for Centuries. CFED (Corporation for Enterprise Development) and Institute for Policy Studies. http://cfed.org/policy/federal/The_Ever_Growing_Gap-CFED_IPS-Final.pdf
Conley, D. (n.d.). The Black-White Wealth Gap | The Nation. Retrieved July 5, 2016, from https://www.thenation.com/article/black-white-wealth-gap/
Yeung, W. J., & Conley, D. (2008). Black-White Achievement Gap and Family Wealth. Child Development, 79(2), 303–324. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27563485
Shapiro, T. M. (2005). The Hidden Cost of Being African American: How Wealth Perpetuates Inequality (1 edition). Oxford University Press.
Orr, A. J. (2003). Black-White Differences in Achievement: The Importance of Wealth. Sociology of Education, 76(4), 281–304. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519867
Socioeconomic Status (SES)

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Health

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Occupation

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Pre-K

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Elementary

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Middle School

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High School

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Higher Education

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Professional Education

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Graduate Education

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